feat: Add support for pip Package Manager (#33)

* feat/init-pip-cmd * feat: Add PyPi resolver * test: Add tests for pypi and pypi_resolver * refactor: unify package dependency resolution and improve PyPI version handling using registry adapter * chore: remove unused file Signed-off-by: Sahil Bansal <bansalsahil315@gmail.com> * feat: add Python dependency parsing with extras support * refactor(deps): Improve PyPI dependency resolution and add custom resolver support * chore: remove extra file * fix: improve dependency resolution and package deduplication * chore: remove extra print statement * chore: typo fix * feat: support PyPi package extras * test: add test for pypi dependency parse function * fix: remove overwritten of parsedCmd * chore: remove extra print statement * chore: typo fix * feat: support PyPi package extras * test: add test for pypi dependency parse function * fix: remove overwritten of parsedCmd * refactor: enhance code readability & remove extra code * chore: remove extra code * Update cmd/npm/npm.go Co-authored-by: Omkar Phansopkar <omkarphansopkar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sahil Bansal <bansalsahil315@gmail.com> * Update cmd/npm/pnpm.go Co-authored-by: Omkar Phansopkar <omkarphansopkar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sahil Bansal <bansalsahil315@gmail.com> * Update cmd/pypi/pip.go Co-authored-by: Omkar Phansopkar <omkarphansopkar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Sahil Bansal <bansalsahil315@gmail.com> --------- Signed-off-by: Sahil Bansal <bansalsahil315@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Omkar Phansopkar <omkarphansopkar@gmail.com>
2026-08-03 07:24:09 +02:00 · 2025-06-09 17:37:08 +05:30
parent 4031219375
commit 53783c6604
17 changed files with 1111 additions and 57 deletions
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package npm

 import (
 	"context"
-	_ "embed"
+	"fmt"

 	"github.com/safedep/dry/log"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/config"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/flows"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/ui"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/packagemanager"
@@ -33,5 +34,25 @@ func executeNpmFlow(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		ui.Fatalf("Failed to create npm package manager proxy: %s", err)
 	}

-	return flows.Common(packageManager).Run(ctx, args)
+	config, err := config.FromContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		ui.Fatalf("Failed to get config: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	parsedCommand, err := packageManager.ParseCommand(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse command: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	packageResolverConfig := packagemanager.NewDefaultNpmDependencyResolverConfig()
+	packageResolverConfig.IncludeTransitiveDependencies = config.Transitive
+	packageResolverConfig.TransitiveDepth = config.TransitiveDepth
+	packageResolverConfig.IncludeDevDependencies = config.IncludeDevDependencies
+
+	packageResolver, err := packagemanager.NewNpmDependencyResolver(packageResolverConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		ui.Fatalf("Failed to create dependency resolver: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return flows.Common(packageManager, packageResolver, config).Run(ctx, args, parsedCommand)
 }
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ package npm
 import (
 	"context"
 	_ "embed"
+	"fmt"

 	"github.com/safedep/dry/log"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/config"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/flows"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/ui"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/packagemanager"
@@ -33,5 +35,22 @@ func executePnpmFlow(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 		ui.Fatalf("Failed to create pnpm package manager proxy: %s", err)
 	}

-	return flows.Common(packageManager).Run(ctx, args)
+	config, err := config.FromContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		ui.Fatalf("Failed to get config: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	parsedCommand, err := packageManager.ParseCommand(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse command: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	packageResolverConfig := packagemanager.NewDefaultNpmDependencyResolverConfig()
+	packageResolverConfig.IncludeTransitiveDependencies = config.Transitive
+	packageResolverConfig.TransitiveDepth = config.TransitiveDepth
+	packageResolverConfig.IncludeDevDependencies = config.IncludeDevDependencies
+
+	packageResolver, err := packagemanager.NewNpmDependencyResolver(packageResolverConfig)
+
+	return flows.Common(packageManager, packageResolver, config).Run(ctx, args, parsedCommand)
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package pypi
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/safedep/dry/log"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/config"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/flows"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/ui"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/packagemanager"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func NewPipCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	return &cobra.Command{
+		Use:                "pip [action] [package]",
+		Short:              "Guard pip package manager",
+		DisableFlagParsing: true,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			err := executePipFlow(cmd.Context(), args)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to execute pip flow: %s", err)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func executePipFlow(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
+	packageManager, err := packagemanager.NewPipPackageManager(packagemanager.DefaultPipPackageManagerConfig())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create pip package manager: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	config, err := config.FromContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		ui.Fatalf("Failed to get config: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	parsedCommand, err := packageManager.ParseCommand(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse command: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse the args right here
+	packageResolverConfig := packagemanager.NewDefaultPypiDependencyResolverConfig()
+	packageResolverConfig.IncludeTransitiveDependencies = config.Transitive
+	packageResolverConfig.TransitiveDepth = config.TransitiveDepth
+	packageResolverConfig.IncludeDevDependencies = config.IncludeDevDependencies
+	packageResolverConfig.PackageInstallTargets = parsedCommand.InstallTargets
+
+	packageResolver, err := packagemanager.NewPypiDependencyResolver(packageResolverConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		ui.Fatalf("Failed to create dependency resolver: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return flows.Common(packageManager, packageResolver, config).Run(ctx, args, parsedCommand)
+}
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ tool github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint
 require (
 	buf.build/gen/go/safedep/api/grpc/go v1.5.1-20250418165058-162f6b0cc319.2
 	buf.build/gen/go/safedep/api/protocolbuffers/go v1.36.6-20250418165058-162f6b0cc319.1
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
 	github.com/jedib0t/go-pretty/v6 v6.6.7
 	github.com/safedep/dry v0.0.0-20250514080944-bb77f30c7175
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24 h1:sHglBQTwgx+rW
 github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24/go.mod h1:4UJr5HIiMZrwgkSPdsjy2uOQExX/WEILpIrO9UPGuXs=
 github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1 h1:Sz1JIXEcSfhz7fUi7xHnhpIE0thVASYjvosApmHuD2k=
 github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1/go.mod h1:n/LSCXNuIYqVfBlVXyHfMQkZDdp1/mmxfSjADd3z1Zg=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 h1:H65muMkzWKEuNDnfl9d70GUjFniHKHRbFPGBuZ3QEww=
+github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0/go.mod h1:MB6lktGJrhw8PrUyiEoblNEGEQ+RzHPF078ddwwvV3Y=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1 h1:QtNSWtVZ3nBfk8mAOu/B6v7FMJ+NHTIgUPi7rj+4nv4=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.1/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
 github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.1 h1:vckeWVESWp6Qog7UZSARNqfu/cZqvki8zsuj3piCMx4=
@@ -69,14 +69,9 @@ func NewPackageManagerGuard(config PackageManagerGuardConfig,
 	}, nil
 }

-func (g *packageManagerGuard) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
+func (g *packageManagerGuard) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string, parsedCommand *packagemanager.ParsedCommand) error {
 	log.Debugf("Running package manager guard with args: %v", args)

-	parsedCommand, err := g.packageManager.ParseCommand(args)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse command: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	if !parsedCommand.HasInstallTarget() {
 		log.Debugf("No install target found, continuing execution")
 		return g.continueExecution(ctx, parsedCommand)
@@ -11,37 +11,26 @@ import (
 )

 type commonFlow struct {
-	pm packagemanager.PackageManager
+	pm              packagemanager.PackageManager
+	packageResolver packagemanager.PackageResolver
+	config          config.Config
 }

 // Creates a common flow of execution for all package managers. This should work for most
 // of the cases unless a package manager has its own unique requirements. Configuration
 // should be passed through the context (Global Config)
-func Common(pm packagemanager.PackageManager) *commonFlow {
+func Common(pm packagemanager.PackageManager, pkgResolver packagemanager.PackageResolver, config config.Config) *commonFlow {
 	return &commonFlow{
-		pm: pm,
+		pm:              pm,
+		packageResolver: pkgResolver,
+		config:          config,
 	}
 }

-func (f *commonFlow) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
-	config, err := config.FromContext(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		ui.Fatalf("Failed to get config: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	packageResolverConfig := packagemanager.NewDefaultNpmDependencyResolverConfig()
-	packageResolverConfig.IncludeTransitiveDependencies = config.Transitive
-	packageResolverConfig.TransitiveDepth = config.TransitiveDepth
-	packageResolverConfig.IncludeDevDependencies = config.IncludeDevDependencies
-
-	packageResolver, err := packagemanager.NewNpmDependencyResolver(packageResolverConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		ui.Fatalf("Failed to create dependency resolver: %s", err)
-	}
-
+func (f *commonFlow) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string, parsedCmd *packagemanager.ParsedCommand) error {
 	var analyzers []analyzer.PackageVersionAnalyzer

-	if config.Paranoid {
+	if f.config.Paranoid {
 		malysisActiveScanAnalyzer, err := analyzer.NewMalysisActiveScanAnalyzer(analyzer.DefaultMalysisActiveScanAnalyzerConfig())
 		if err != nil {
 			ui.Fatalf("Failed to create malware analyzer: %s", err)
@@ -65,14 +54,14 @@ func (f *commonFlow) Run(ctx context.Context, args []string) error {
 	}

 	guardConfig := guard.DefaultPackageManagerGuardConfig()
-	guardConfig.DryRun = config.DryRun
+	guardConfig.DryRun = f.config.DryRun

-	proxy, err := guard.NewPackageManagerGuard(guardConfig, f.pm, packageResolver, analyzers, interaction)
+	proxy, err := guard.NewPackageManagerGuard(guardConfig, f.pm, f.packageResolver, analyzers, interaction)
 	if err != nil {
 		ui.Fatalf("Failed to create package manager guard: %s", err)
 	}

-	err = proxy.Run(ctx, args)
+	err = proxy.Run(ctx, args, parsedCmd)
 	if err != nil {
 		ui.Fatalf("pmg: failed to execute command: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/safedep/dry/log"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/cmd/npm"
+	"github.com/safedep/pmg/cmd/pypi"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/cmd/version"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/config"
 	"github.com/safedep/pmg/internal/ui"
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ func main() {

 	cmd.AddCommand(npm.NewNpmCommand())
 	cmd.AddCommand(npm.NewPnpmCommand())
+	cmd.AddCommand(pypi.NewPipCommand())
 	cmd.AddCommand(version.NewVersionCommand())

 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package packagemanager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"slices"
 	"sync"

 	packagev1 "buf.build/gen/go/safedep/api/protocolbuffers/go/safedep/messages/package/v1"
@@ -13,7 +12,11 @@ import (

 // Contract for a function that implements ecosystem specific version
 // resolver from a version range specification.
-type versionSpecResolver func(version string) string
+type versionSpecResolverFn func(packageName, version string) string
+
+type dependencyResolverFn func(packageName, version string) (*packageregistry.PackageDependencyList, error)
+
+type packageIdentifierFn func(pkg *packagev1.PackageVersion) string

 type dependencyResolverConfig struct {
 	IncludeDevDependencies        bool
@@ -24,29 +27,35 @@ type dependencyResolverConfig struct {
 }

 type dependencyResolver struct {
-	client              packageregistry.Client
-	config              dependencyResolverConfig
-	mutex               sync.Mutex
-	versionSpecResolver versionSpecResolver
+	client                    packageregistry.Client
+	config                    dependencyResolverConfig
+	mutex                     sync.Mutex
+	versionSpecResolver       versionSpecResolverFn
+	packageDependencyResolver dependencyResolverFn
+	packageIdentifierFn       packageIdentifierFn
+	resultSet                 map[string]bool
 }

 func newDependencyResolver(client packageregistry.Client, config dependencyResolverConfig,
-	versionSpecResolver versionSpecResolver) *dependencyResolver {
+	versionSpecResolver versionSpecResolverFn, packageDependencyResolver dependencyResolverFn, packageKeyFn packageIdentifierFn) *dependencyResolver {
 	if config.MaxConcurrency <= 0 {
 		config.MaxConcurrency = 10
 	}

 	if versionSpecResolver == nil {
 		// Default version spec resolver
-		versionSpecResolver = func(version string) string {
+		versionSpecResolver = func(packageName, version string) string {
 			return version
 		}
 	}

 	return &dependencyResolver{
-		client:              client,
-		config:              config,
-		versionSpecResolver: versionSpecResolver,
+		client:                    client,
+		config:                    config,
+		versionSpecResolver:       versionSpecResolver,
+		packageDependencyResolver: packageDependencyResolver,
+		packageIdentifierFn:       packageKeyFn,
+		resultSet:                 make(map[string]bool),
 	}
 }

@@ -63,6 +72,7 @@ func (r *dependencyResolver) resolveDependencies(ctx context.Context,
 	// Result collection
 	dependencies := make([]*packagev1.PackageVersion, 0)

+	r.resultSet = make(map[string]bool) // Reset
 	// Start concurrent resolution
 	err = r.resolvePackageDependenciesConcurrent(ctx, pd, packageVersion, 0, visitedPackages, &dependencies)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -102,27 +112,42 @@ func (r *dependencyResolver) resolvePackageDependenciesConcurrent(
 		return ff(fmt.Errorf("exceeded maximum transitive depth of %d", r.config.TransitiveDepth))
 	}

+	var packageKey string
+	var packageKeyFn packageIdentifierFn
+
 	// Skip if already visited
-	packageKey := r.packageKey(packageVersion)
+	if r.packageIdentifierFn != nil {
+		packageKeyFn = r.packageIdentifierFn
+	} else {
+		packageKeyFn = createPackageKey
+	}
+	packageKey = packageKeyFn(packageVersion)
+
+	shouldProcess := false

-	alreadyVisited := false
 	r.synchronize(func() {
-		alreadyVisited = visitedPackages[packageKey]
+		if !visitedPackages[packageKey] {
+			visitedPackages[packageKey] = true
+			shouldProcess = true
+		}
 	})

-	if alreadyVisited {
+	// If another goroutine is already processing this package, skip
+	if !shouldProcess {
 		return nil
 	}

-	// Mark the current package as visited
-	r.synchronize(func() {
-		visitedPackages[packageKey] = true
-	})
-
 	log.Debugf("resolving dependencies for %s@%s", packageVersion.Package.Name, packageVersion.Version)

 	// Get dependencies for the current package
-	dependencyList, err := pd.GetPackageDependencies(packageVersion.Package.Name, packageVersion.Version)
+	var dependencyList *packageregistry.PackageDependencyList
+	var err error
+	if r.packageDependencyResolver != nil {
+		dependencyList, err = r.packageDependencyResolver(packageVersion.Package.Name, packageVersion.Version)
+	} else {
+		dependencyList, err = pd.GetPackageDependencies(packageVersion.Package.Name, packageVersion.Version)
+	}
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return ff(fmt.Errorf("failed to get package dependencies: %w", err))
 	}
@@ -141,14 +166,17 @@ func (r *dependencyResolver) resolvePackageDependenciesConcurrent(
 				Ecosystem: packageVersion.GetPackage().GetEcosystem(),
 				Name:      dependency.Name,
 			},
-			Version: r.versionSpecResolver(dependency.VersionSpec),
+			Version: r.versionSpecResolver(dependency.Name, dependency.VersionSpec),
 		})
 	}

 	// Add resolved dependencies to the result
 	r.synchronize(func() {
 		for _, dependency := range resolvedDependencies {
-			if !slices.Contains(*result, dependency) {
+			dependencyKey := packageKeyFn(dependency)
+
+			if !r.resultSet[dependencyKey] {
+				r.resultSet[dependencyKey] = true
 				*result = append(*result, dependency)
 			}
 		}
@@ -190,7 +218,7 @@ func (r *dependencyResolver) resolvePackageDependenciesConcurrent(
 	return nil
 }

-func (r *dependencyResolver) packageKey(pkg *packagev1.PackageVersion) string {
+func createPackageKey(pkg *packagev1.PackageVersion) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", pkg.Package.Name, pkg.Version)
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package packagemanager
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrPackageNotFound      = errors.New("package not found")
+	ErrFailedToFetchPackage = errors.New("failed to fetch package")
+	ErrFailedToParsePackage = errors.New("failed to parse package")
+	ErrNoPackagesFound      = errors.New("no packages found")
+	ErrAuthorNotFound       = errors.New("author not found")
+
+	ErrGitHubRateLimitExceeded = errors.New("github api rate limit exceeded")
+)
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ func NewNpmPackageManager(config NpmPackageManagerConfig) (*npmPackageManager, e
 	}, nil
 }

+var _ PackageManager = &npmPackageManager{}
+
 func (npm *npmPackageManager) Name() string {
 	return "npm"
 }
@@ -72,13 +72,18 @@ func (r *npmDependencyResolver) ResolveLatestVersion(ctx context.Context,

 func (r *npmDependencyResolver) ResolveDependencies(ctx context.Context,
 	packageVersion *packagev1.PackageVersion) ([]*packagev1.PackageVersion, error) {
+
+	npmVersionSpecResolverFn := func(packageName, version string) string {
+		return npmCleanVersion(version)
+	}
+
 	resolver := newDependencyResolver(r.registry, dependencyResolverConfig{
 		IncludeDevDependencies:        r.config.IncludeDevDependencies,
 		IncludeTransitiveDependencies: r.config.IncludeTransitiveDependencies,
 		TransitiveDepth:               r.config.TransitiveDepth,
 		FailFast:                      r.config.FailFast,
 		MaxConcurrency:                r.config.MaxConcurrency,
-	}, npmCleanVersion)
+	}, npmVersionSpecResolverFn, nil, nil)

 	return resolver.resolveDependencies(ctx, packageVersion)
 }
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ type Command struct {

 type PackageInstallTarget struct {
 	PackageVersion *packagev1.PackageVersion
+
+	// Extras specifies additional features to be installed with a Python package
+	// Example: "django[mysql,redis]" has Extras as ["mysql", "redis"]
+	// Currently only specific to Python packages
+	Extras []string
 }

 func (pit *PackageInstallTarget) HasVersion() bool {
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+package packagemanager
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	packagev1 "buf.build/gen/go/safedep/api/protocolbuffers/go/safedep/messages/package/v1"
+)
+
+type PipPackageManagerConfig struct {
+	InstallCommands []string
+	CommandName     string
+}
+
+func DefaultPipPackageManagerConfig() PipPackageManagerConfig {
+	return PipPackageManagerConfig{
+		InstallCommands: []string{"install"},
+		CommandName:     "pip",
+	}
+}
+
+type pipPackageManager struct {
+	Config PipPackageManagerConfig
+}
+
+func NewPipPackageManager(config PipPackageManagerConfig) (*pipPackageManager, error) {
+	return &pipPackageManager{
+		Config: config,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+var _ PackageManager = &pipPackageManager{}
+
+func (pip *pipPackageManager) Name() string {
+	return "pip"
+}
+
+func (pip *pipPackageManager) ParseCommand(args []string) (*ParsedCommand, error) {
+	if len(args) > 0 && args[0] == "pip" {
+		args = args[1:]
+	}
+	command := Command{Exe: pip.Config.CommandName, Args: args}
+
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		return &ParsedCommand{
+			Command: command,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	var packages []string
+	for idx, arg := range args {
+		if slices.Contains(pip.Config.InstallCommands, arg) {
+			for i := idx + 1; i < len(args); i++ {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(args[i], "-") {
+					continue
+				}
+				packages = append(packages, args[i])
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	var installTargets []*PackageInstallTarget
+
+	for _, pkg := range packages {
+		packageName, version, extras, err := pipParsePackageInfo(pkg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse package info: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if version != "" {
+			// If exact version provided just trim it. If not get a version that satisfies a given version specifier
+			if strings.HasPrefix(version, "==") {
+				// Exact version, just trim
+				version = strings.TrimPrefix(version, "==")
+			} else {
+				// Version range, resolve from PyPI
+				version, err = pipGetMatchingVersion(packageName, version)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("error resolving version for %s: %s", packageName, err.Error())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		installTargets = append(installTargets, &PackageInstallTarget{
+			PackageVersion: &packagev1.PackageVersion{
+				Package: &packagev1.Package{
+					Ecosystem: packagev1.Ecosystem_ECOSYSTEM_PYPI,
+					Name:      packageName,
+				},
+				Version: version,
+			},
+			Extras: extras,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return &ParsedCommand{
+		Command:        command,
+		InstallTargets: installTargets,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// pipParsePackageInfo parses a pip install package specification, separating the package name,
+// version constraints, and any extras (additional features) to be installed.
+// Example: "django[mysql,redis]>=3.0" returns ("django", ">=3.0", ["mysql", "redis"], nil)
+func pipParsePackageInfo(input string) (packageName, version string, extras []string, err error) {
+	if input == "" {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("package info cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	input = strings.TrimSpace(input)
+
+	// First extract any extras if present
+	openBracket := strings.Index(input, "[")
+	closeBracket := strings.Index(input, "]")
+
+	if openBracket != -1 && closeBracket != -1 && openBracket < closeBracket {
+		extrasStr := strings.TrimSpace(input[openBracket+1 : closeBracket])
+		if extrasStr != "" {
+			// Split extras by comma and trim each extra
+			for _, extra := range strings.Split(extrasStr, ",") {
+				if trimmedExtra := strings.TrimSpace(extra); trimmedExtra != "" {
+					extras = append(extras, trimmedExtra)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Remove the extra part from input for further processing
+		input = input[:openBracket] + input[closeBracket+1:]
+	} else if (openBracket != -1 && closeBracket == -1) || (openBracket == -1 && closeBracket != -1) {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("mismatched brackets in input '%s'", input)
+	}
+
+	// Python package version specifiers are typically separated by one of:
+	// '==', '>=', '<=', '!=', '>', '<', '~=', or direct comma separated list
+	operators := []string{"==", ">=", "<=", "!=", ">", "<", "~="}
+	index := -1
+
+	// Find the earliest operator occurrence
+	for _, op := range operators {
+		i := strings.Index(input, op)
+		if i != -1 && (index == -1 || i < index) {
+			index = i
+		}
+	}
+
+	if index == -1 {
+		// No operator found, whole input is package name, no version
+		return strings.TrimSpace(input), "", extras, nil
+	}
+
+	packageName = strings.TrimSpace(input[:index])
+	version = strings.TrimSpace(input[index:])
+
+	if packageName == "" {
+		return "", "", nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid package name in input '%s'", input)
+	}
+
+	return packageName, version, extras, nil
+}
+
+func pipConvertCompatibleRelease(version string) string {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(version, "~=") {
+		return version
+	}
+
+	version = strings.TrimPrefix(version, "~=")
+	parts := strings.Split(version, ".")
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		return "" // invalid
+	}
+
+	switch len(parts) {
+	case 2:
+		// ~=X.Y case, increment major version: ~=2.1 -> >=2.1,<3.0
+		major := parts[0]
+		nextMajor, _ := strconv.Atoi(major)
+		nextMajor += 1
+		return fmt.Sprintf(">=%s,<%d.0", version, nextMajor)
+
+	case 3:
+		// ~=X.Y.Z case, increment minor version: ~=2.1.5 -> >=2.1.5,<2.2.0
+		major := parts[0]
+		minor := parts[1]
+		nextMinor, _ := strconv.Atoi(minor)
+		nextMinor += 1
+		return fmt.Sprintf(">=%s,<%s.%d.0", version, major, nextMinor)
+
+	default:
+		// ~=X.Y.Z.W[.more] case, increment second-to-last component
+		// ~=2.1.5.2 -> >=2.1.5.2,<2.1.6
+		incIndex := len(parts) - 2
+		upperBoundParts := make([]string, incIndex+1)
+		copy(upperBoundParts, parts[:incIndex+1])
+
+		increment, _ := strconv.Atoi(upperBoundParts[incIndex])
+		increment++
+		upperBoundParts[incIndex] = strconv.Itoa(increment)
+
+		upperBound := strings.Join(upperBoundParts, ".")
+
+		return fmt.Sprintf(">=%s,<%s", version, upperBound)
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+package packagemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	packagev1 "buf.build/gen/go/safedep/api/protocolbuffers/go/safedep/messages/package/v1"
+	"github.com/Masterminds/semver"
+	"github.com/safedep/dry/log"
+	"github.com/safedep/dry/packageregistry"
+)
+
+type PyPiDependencyResolverConfig struct {
+	IncludeDevDependencies        bool
+	IncludeTransitiveDependencies bool
+	TransitiveDepth               int
+
+	// FailFast will stop resolving dependencies after the first error
+	FailFast bool
+
+	// MaxConcurrency limits the number of concurrent goroutines used for dependency resolution
+	MaxConcurrency int
+
+	PackageInstallTargets []*PackageInstallTarget
+}
+
+func NewDefaultPypiDependencyResolverConfig() PyPiDependencyResolverConfig {
+	return PyPiDependencyResolverConfig{
+		IncludeDevDependencies:        false,
+		IncludeTransitiveDependencies: true,
+		TransitiveDepth:               5,
+		FailFast:                      false,
+		MaxConcurrency:                10,
+		PackageInstallTargets:         []*PackageInstallTarget{},
+	}
+}
+
+type pypiDependencyResolver struct {
+	registry packageregistry.Client
+	config   PyPiDependencyResolverConfig
+}
+
+var _ PackageResolver = &pypiDependencyResolver{}
+
+func NewPypiDependencyResolver(config PyPiDependencyResolverConfig) (*pypiDependencyResolver, error) {
+	client, err := packageregistry.NewPypiAdapter()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create pypi adapter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &pypiDependencyResolver{
+		config:   config,
+		registry: client,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *pypiDependencyResolver) ResolveDependencies(ctx context.Context, pkg *packagev1.PackageVersion) ([]*packagev1.PackageVersion, error) {
+	pypiVersionSpecResolverFn := func(packageName, version string) string {
+		ver, err := pipGetMatchingVersion(packageName, version)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("error getting matching version for %s@%s", packageName, version)
+			return ""
+		}
+		return ver
+	}
+
+	pypiDependencyResolverFn := func(packageName, version string) (*packageregistry.PackageDependencyList, error) {
+		resolvedDependencies, err := getPypiPackageDependencies(packageName, version, p.config.PackageInstallTargets)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		dependencies := make([]packageregistry.PackageDependencyInfo, 0)
+		for _, dep := range resolvedDependencies {
+			dependencies = append(dependencies, packageregistry.PackageDependencyInfo{
+				Name:        dep.PackageNameExtra,
+				VersionSpec: dep.VersionSpec,
+			})
+		}
+
+		return &packageregistry.PackageDependencyList{
+			Dependencies: dependencies,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Python treats package names with '-' and '_' as equivalent (e.g., 'my-package' and 'my_package' refer to the same package)
+	packageKeyFn := func(pkg *packagev1.PackageVersion) string {
+		normalizedName := normalizePackageName(pkg.Package.Name)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s@%s", normalizedName, pkg.Version)
+	}
+
+	resolver := newDependencyResolver(p.registry, dependencyResolverConfig{
+		IncludeDevDependencies:        p.config.IncludeDevDependencies,
+		IncludeTransitiveDependencies: p.config.IncludeTransitiveDependencies,
+		TransitiveDepth:               p.config.TransitiveDepth,
+		FailFast:                      p.config.FailFast,
+		MaxConcurrency:                p.config.MaxConcurrency,
+	}, pypiVersionSpecResolverFn, pypiDependencyResolverFn, packageKeyFn)
+
+	return resolver.resolveDependencies(ctx, pkg)
+}
+
+func (p *pypiDependencyResolver) ResolveLatestVersion(ctx context.Context, pkg *packagev1.Package) (*packagev1.PackageVersion, error) {
+	pd, err := p.registry.PackageDiscovery()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get package discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	pkgInfo, err := pd.GetPackage(pkg.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get package: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("Resolved pypi/%s to latest version %s", pkg.Name, pkgInfo.LatestVersion)
+
+	return &packagev1.PackageVersion{
+		Package: pkg,
+		Version: pkgInfo.LatestVersion,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type pypiPackage struct {
+	Info     pypiPackageInfo `json:"info"`
+	Releases map[string]any  `json:"releases"`
+}
+
+type PyPIDependencySpec struct {
+	// PackageNameExtra is the package name including any direct extras in brackets
+	// Example: "uvicorn[standard]"
+	PackageNameExtra string
+
+	// VersionSpec is the version constraint for the package
+	// Example: ">=0.12.0", "==1.0.0", ">=2.0,<3.0"
+	VersionSpec string
+
+	// Extra is the conditional extra marker that defines when this dependency applies
+	// Example: "all" from "; extra == \"all\""
+	Extra string
+}
+
+type pypiPackageInfo struct {
+	Name            string   `json:"name"`
+	Description     string   `json:"summary"`
+	LatestVersion   string   `json:"version"`
+	PackageURL      string   `json:"package_url"`
+	Author          string   `json:"author"`
+	AuthorEmail     string   `json:"author_email"`
+	Maintainer      string   `json:"maintainer"`
+	MaintainerEmail string   `json:"maintainer_email"`
+	RequiresDist    []string `json:"requires_dist"`
+}
+
+func getPypiPackageDependencies(packageName, version string, packageTargets []*PackageInstallTarget) ([]PyPIDependencySpec, error) {
+	url := fmt.Sprintf("https://pypi.org/pypi/%s/%s/json", packageName, version)
+
+	res, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrFailedToFetchPackage
+	}
+
+	if res.StatusCode == 404 {
+		return nil, ErrPackageNotFound
+	}
+
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		return nil, ErrFailedToFetchPackage
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	var pypipkg pypiPackage
+	err = json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&pypipkg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ErrFailedToParsePackage
+	}
+
+	// Find if this package has any specified extras in the install targets
+	var requestedExtras []string
+	for _, target := range packageTargets {
+		if target.PackageVersion.Package.Name == packageName {
+			requestedExtras = target.Extras
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	pkgDeps := make([]PyPIDependencySpec, 0, len(pypipkg.Info.RequiresDist))
+
+	for _, dep := range pypipkg.Info.RequiresDist {
+		name, version, extra := pypiParseDependency(dep)
+
+		// Include dependencies if they either:
+		// 1. Have no extras (base dependencies)
+		// 2. Have an extra that matches one of our requested extras
+		if extra == "" || (len(requestedExtras) > 0 && slices.Contains(requestedExtras, extra)) {
+			pkgDeps = append(pkgDeps, PyPIDependencySpec{
+				PackageNameExtra: name,
+				VersionSpec:      version,
+				Extra:            extra,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pkgDeps, nil
+}
+
+// pypiParseDependency parses a PyPI dependency specification, handling both package extras
+// and conditional dependencies. Keeps extras as part of the package name.
+// Example: "uvicorn[standard]>=0.12.0; extra == \"all\"" returns ("uvicorn[standard]", ">=0.12.0", "all")
+func pypiParseDependency(input string) (string, string, string) {
+	// Split line by ';' to separate version and markers
+	parts := strings.SplitN(input, ";", 2)
+	mainPart := strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+
+	// Regex to match the first occurrence of version operators
+	// Using lookahead to ensure we match standalone operators
+	operatorRegex := regexp.MustCompile(`(==|>=|<=|!=|>|<|~=)(?:\d|$)`)
+	match := operatorRegex.FindStringIndex(mainPart)
+
+	var name, version string
+	if match != nil {
+		// Everything before the operator is the name
+		name = strings.TrimSpace(mainPart[:match[0]])
+		// Remove trailing parentheses from name if present
+		name = strings.TrimRight(name, " (")
+
+		// Everything from the operator onwards is the version spec
+		version = strings.TrimSpace(mainPart[match[0]:])
+		// Remove parentheses from version spec if present
+		version = strings.Trim(version, "()")
+	} else {
+		// No version operator found
+		name = mainPart
+		version = ""
+	}
+
+	// Extract extra marker if present
+	var extra string
+	if len(parts) == 2 {
+		extraRe := regexp.MustCompile(`extra\s*==\s*["']([^"']+)["']`)
+		if match := extraRe.FindStringSubmatch(parts[1]); len(match) == 2 {
+			extra = match[1]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return name, version, extra
+}
+
+func pipGetMatchingVersion(packageName, versionConstraint string) (string, error) {
+	// Already a exact version
+	if strings.HasPrefix(versionConstraint, "==") {
+		return versionConstraint, nil
+	}
+
+	// Handle compatible release operator
+	if strings.HasPrefix(versionConstraint, "~=") {
+		versionConstraint = pipConvertCompatibleRelease(versionConstraint)
+	}
+	// Handle empty version constraint
+	if versionConstraint == "" {
+		// Get latest version
+		registry, err := packageregistry.NewPypiAdapter()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create pypi adapter: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		pd, err := registry.PackageDiscovery()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get package discovery: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		pkg, err := pd.GetPackage(packageName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		return pkg.LatestVersion, nil
+	}
+
+	registry, err := packageregistry.NewPypiAdapter()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create pypi adapter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	pd, err := registry.PackageDiscovery()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get package discovery: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Get package info from PyPI
+	pkg, err := pd.GetPackage(packageName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// Parse version constraint
+	constraint, err := semver.NewConstraint(versionConstraint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid version constraint: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Get valid versions and find best match
+	bestMatch, err := findBestMatchingVersion(pkg.Versions, constraint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no version matches constraint %q: %w", versionConstraint, err)
+	}
+
+	return bestMatch.Original(), nil
+}
+
+func findBestMatchingVersion(releases []packageregistry.PackageVersionInfo, constraint *semver.Constraints) (*semver.Version, error) {
+	if len(releases) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no versions available")
+	}
+
+	var bestMatch *semver.Version
+	// We'll iterate once through all versions
+	for _, v := range releases {
+		ver, err := semver.NewVersion(v.Version)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue // Skip invalid versions
+		}
+
+		// Update bestMatch if this version is higher and matches constraint
+		if constraint.Check(ver) && (bestMatch == nil || ver.GreaterThan(bestMatch)) {
+			bestMatch = ver
+		}
+	}
+
+	if bestMatch == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no version matches constraint")
+	}
+	return bestMatch, nil
+}
+
+func normalizePackageName(name string) string {
+	// Convert to lowercase
+	name = strings.ToLower(name)
+
+	// Replace any sequence of [-_.] with a single hyphen
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`[-_.]+`)
+	name = re.ReplaceAllString(name, "-")
+
+	return name
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package packagemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	packagev1 "buf.build/gen/go/safedep/api/protocolbuffers/go/safedep/messages/package/v1"
+	"github.com/safedep/dry/semver"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPypiDependencyResolver_ResolveLatestVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		pkg      *packagev1.Package
+		assertFn func(t *testing.T, pv *packagev1.PackageVersion, err error)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "should resolve latest version for a package",
+			pkg: &packagev1.Package{
+				Name:      "requests",
+				Ecosystem: packagev1.Ecosystem_ECOSYSTEM_PYPI,
+			},
+			assertFn: func(t *testing.T, pv *packagev1.PackageVersion, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.True(t, semver.IsAhead("2.30.0", pv.Version))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "should return an error if the package is not found",
+			pkg: &packagev1.Package{
+				Name:      "nonexistent-package-12345",
+				Ecosystem: packagev1.Ecosystem_ECOSYSTEM_PYPI,
+			},
+			assertFn: func(t *testing.T, pv *packagev1.PackageVersion, err error) {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				require.Nil(t, pv)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resolver, err := NewPypiDependencyResolver(NewDefaultPypiDependencyResolverConfig())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			pv, err := resolver.ResolveLatestVersion(context.Background(), tc.pkg)
+			tc.assertFn(t, pv, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipGetLatestMatchingVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name              string
+		packageName       string
+		versionConstraint string
+		assertFn          func(t *testing.T, version string, err error)
+	}{
+		{
+			name:              "should resolve exact version",
+			packageName:       "requests",
+			versionConstraint: "==2.28.0",
+			assertFn: func(t *testing.T, version string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, "==2.28.0", version)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "should resolve compatible version",
+			packageName:       "requests",
+			versionConstraint: "~=2.26.0",
+			assertFn: func(t *testing.T, version string, err error) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotEmpty(t, version)
+				fmt.Println("Version: ", version)
+				require.True(t, semver.IsAheadOrEqual("2.26.0", version) && !semver.IsAhead("2.27.0", version))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:              "should return error for nonexistent package",
+			packageName:       "nonexistent-package-12345",
+			versionConstraint: ">=1.0.0",
+			assertFn: func(t *testing.T, version string, err error) {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				require.Empty(t, version)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			version, err := pipGetMatchingVersion(tc.packageName, tc.versionConstraint)
+			tc.assertFn(t, version, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPypiParseDependency(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		input       string
+		wantName    string
+		wantVersion string
+		wantExtra   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "simple package without version",
+			input:       "requests",
+			wantName:    "requests",
+			wantVersion: "",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with exact version",
+			input:       "requests==2.28.1",
+			wantName:    "requests",
+			wantVersion: "==2.28.1",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with greater than version",
+			input:       "django>=4.2.0",
+			wantName:    "django",
+			wantVersion: ">=4.2.0",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with less than version",
+			input:       "pylint<3.0.0",
+			wantName:    "pylint",
+			wantVersion: "<3.0.0",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with not equal version",
+			input:       "pytest!=3.0.0",
+			wantName:    "pytest",
+			wantVersion: "!=3.0.0",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with compatible release version",
+			input:       "sphinx~=4.0.0",
+			wantName:    "sphinx",
+			wantVersion: "~=4.0.0",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with extra",
+			input:       "requests;extra=='security'",
+			wantName:    "requests",
+			wantVersion: "",
+			wantExtra:   "security",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with version and extra",
+			input:       "requests>=2.28.1;extra=='security'",
+			wantName:    "requests",
+			wantVersion: ">=2.28.1",
+			wantExtra:   "security",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with single quotes in extra",
+			input:       "django>=4.2.0;extra=='testing'",
+			wantName:    "django",
+			wantVersion: ">=4.2.0",
+			wantExtra:   "testing",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with double quotes in extra",
+			input:       "django>=4.2.0;extra==\"testing\"",
+			wantName:    "django",
+			wantVersion: ">=4.2.0",
+			wantExtra:   "testing",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "package with multiple version constraints",
+			input:       "requests>=2.28.1,<3.0.0",
+			wantName:    "requests",
+			wantVersion: ">=2.28.1,<3.0.0",
+			wantExtra:   "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			gotName, gotVersion, gotExtra := pypiParseDependency(tt.input)
+
+			if gotName != tt.wantName {
+				t.Errorf("pypiParseDependency() gotName = %v, want %v", gotName, tt.wantName)
+			}
+			if gotVersion != tt.wantVersion {
+				t.Errorf("pypiParseDependency() gotVersion = %v, want %v", gotVersion, tt.wantVersion)
+			}
+			if gotExtra != tt.wantExtra {
+				t.Errorf("pypiParseDependency() gotExtra = %v, want %v", gotExtra, tt.wantExtra)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package packagemanager
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestPipParsePackageInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		input   string
+		pkgName string
+		version string
+		extras  []string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "simple package name",
+			input:   "fastapi",
+			pkgName: "fastapi",
+			version: "",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with exact version & extra",
+			input:   "fastapi[all]==0.115.7",
+			pkgName: "fastapi",
+			version: "==0.115.7",
+			extras:  []string{"all"},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with version range",
+			input:   "requests>=2.0,<3.0",
+			pkgName: "requests",
+			version: ">=2.0,<3.0",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with exclusion",
+			input:   "pydantic!=1.8,!=1.8.1",
+			pkgName: "pydantic",
+			version: "!=1.8,!=1.8.1",
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with compatible release",
+			input:   "django~=3.1.0",
+			pkgName: "django",
+			version: "~=3.1.0",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with greater than with empty extra",
+			input:   "numpy[]>1.20.0",
+			pkgName: "numpy",
+			version: ">1.20.0",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with less than",
+			input:   "pandas<2.0.0",
+			pkgName: "pandas",
+			version: "<2.0.0",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty input",
+			input:   "",
+			pkgName: "",
+			version: "",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "only version specifier",
+			input:   "==1.0.0",
+			pkgName: "",
+			version: "",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "package with whitespace",
+			input:   "  requests  ==  2.0.0  ",
+			pkgName: "requests",
+			version: "==  2.0.0",
+			extras:  nil,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			pkgName, version, extras, err := pipParsePackageInfo(tc.input)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.pkgName, pkgName)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.version, version)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.extras, extras)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipConvertCompatibleRelease(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "standard version",
+			input:    "~=3.1.0",
+			expected: ">=3.1.0,<3.2.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single digit minor",
+			input:    "~=2.1.5",
+			expected: ">=2.1.5,<2.2.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "double digit minor",
+			input:    "~=1.10.0",
+			expected: ">=1.10.0,<1.11.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "invalid format",
+			input:    "~=1",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "missing prefix",
+			input:    "3.1.0",
+			expected: "3.1.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "extra segments",
+			input:    "~=2.1.5.2",
+			expected: ">=2.1.5.2,<2.1.6",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := pipConvertCompatibleRelease(tc.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}