diff --git a/desktop/src/features/messages/lib/messageMerge.ts b/desktop/src/features/messages/lib/messageMerge.ts
index 5125b4c0d..616e4d93f 100644
--- a/desktop/src/features/messages/lib/messageMerge.ts
+++ b/desktop/src/features/messages/lib/messageMerge.ts
@@ -31,20 +31,64 @@ function isMatchingPendingMessage(pending: RelayEvent, incoming: RelayEvent) {
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * Resolve the render key (localKey) the incoming event should carry, without
+ * ever colliding with a confirmed row's key. Concurrent identical sends make
+ * pending rows semantically indistinguishable, so key assignment must be
+ * ownership-aware or a later echo/success evicts the other send's confirmed
+ * row (the concurrent-identical-replies blocker):
+ *
+ *   1. A confirmed row with the same id already exists → the event was
+ *      reconciled once (its echo or REST success won the race); inherit that
+ *      row's key and never re-match a pending.
+ *   2. The caller supplied a localKey (onSuccess binding) and no *other*
+ *      confirmed row owns it → honor it. If a different confirmed row owns
+ *      it (an echo claimed that pending first), fall through and claim a
+ *      remaining pending instead.
+ *   3. Otherwise claim the first semantically matching pending row.
+ *
+ * Pending and confirmed rows never share a key (claiming a pending removes
+ * it in the same merge), so a claimed pending key cannot evict a confirmed
+ * row.
+ */
+function resolveIncomingLocalKey(
+  normalizedCurrent: RelayEvent[],
+  incoming: RelayEvent,
+): string | undefined {
+  const confirmedExisting = normalizedCurrent.find(
+    (message) => message.id === incoming.id && !message.pending,
+  );
+  if (confirmedExisting) {
+    return getLocalRenderKey(confirmedExisting);
+  }
+
+  const supplied = incoming.localKey;
+  if (supplied != null) {
+    const ownedByOtherConfirmed = normalizedCurrent.some(
+      (message) =>
+        !message.pending &&
+        message.id !== incoming.id &&
+        getLocalRenderKey(message) === supplied,
+    );
+    if (!ownedByOtherConfirmed) {
+      return supplied;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const replacedPending = normalizedCurrent.find((message) =>
+    isMatchingPendingMessage(message, incoming),
+  );
+  return replacedPending ? getLocalRenderKey(replacedPending) : undefined;
+}
+
 export function reconcileIncomingMessage(
   current: RelayEvent[],
   incoming: RelayEvent,
 ): RelayEvent[] {
   const normalizedCurrent = dedupeMessagesById(current);
-  const replacedPending = normalizedCurrent.find((message) =>
-    isMatchingPendingMessage(message, incoming),
-  );
-  const incomingWithLocalKey = replacedPending
-    ? {
-        ...incoming,
-        localKey: replacedPending.localKey ?? replacedPending.id,
-      }
-    : incoming;
+  const localKey = resolveIncomingLocalKey(normalizedCurrent, incoming);
+  const incomingWithLocalKey =
+    localKey === incoming.localKey ? incoming : { ...incoming, localKey };
   const incomingLocalKey = getLocalRenderKey(incomingWithLocalKey);
   const deduped = normalizedCurrent.filter(
     (message) =>
diff --git a/desktop/src/features/messages/threadOptimisticReply.test.mjs b/desktop/src/features/messages/threadOptimisticReply.test.mjs
index 3eb495861..c7bb0a631 100644
--- a/desktop/src/features/messages/threadOptimisticReply.test.mjs
+++ b/desktop/src/features/messages/threadOptimisticReply.test.mjs
@@ -218,7 +218,99 @@ test("reconcileSentThreadReply_echoArrivedFirst_staysSingleEntry", () => {
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// 6. Error rollback: failed pending goes, in-flight live replies stay
+// 6. Concurrent identical replies: every echo/success interleaving keeps both
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// Two in-flight replies with the same author/content/root are semantically
+// indistinguishable, so echo reconciliation must never let a later event
+// steal a key already owned by a confirmed row (that eviction was the
+// concurrent-identical-replies blocker: echo1 → success1 → echo2 → success2
+// left only real-2 in the cache). Each success and each echo may arrive in
+// any order relative to the others, so we run the full 4! ordering matrix.
+
+test("concurrentIdenticalReplies_allEchoSuccessOrderings_keepBothAcceptedEvents", () => {
+  const operationNames = ["echo1", "success1", "echo2", "success2"];
+
+  function permutations(items) {
+    if (items.length <= 1) return [items];
+    return items.flatMap((item, index) =>
+      permutations([...items.slice(0, index), ...items.slice(index + 1)]).map(
+        (rest) => [item, ...rest],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  for (const ordering of permutations(operationNames)) {
+    const queryClient = new QueryClient();
+    queryClient.setQueryData(channelMessagesKey(CHANNEL_ID), [
+      makeEvent({ id: "root-1", content: "thread root" }),
+    ]);
+    const pending1 = makePendingReply(queryClient, "root-1", "same reply");
+    const threadKey = insertPendingThreadReply(
+      queryClient,
+      CHANNEL_ID,
+      pending1,
+    );
+    const pending2 = makePendingReply(queryClient, "root-1", "same reply");
+    insertPendingThreadReply(queryClient, CHANNEL_ID, pending2);
+
+    const confirmed = {
+      1: makeEvent({ id: "real-1", parentId: "root-1", content: "same reply" }),
+      2: makeEvent({ id: "real-2", parentId: "root-1", content: "same reply" }),
+    };
+    const operations = {
+      echo1: () =>
+        queryClient.setQueryData(
+          threadKey,
+          mergeMessages(queryClient.getQueryData(threadKey), confirmed[1]),
+        ),
+      echo2: () =>
+        queryClient.setQueryData(
+          threadKey,
+          mergeMessages(queryClient.getQueryData(threadKey), confirmed[2]),
+        ),
+      success1: () =>
+        reconcileSentThreadReply(
+          queryClient,
+          threadKey,
+          pending1.id,
+          confirmed[1],
+        ),
+      success2: () =>
+        reconcileSentThreadReply(
+          queryClient,
+          threadKey,
+          pending2.id,
+          confirmed[2],
+        ),
+    };
+
+    for (const name of ordering) {
+      operations[name]();
+    }
+
+    const label = ordering.join(" → ");
+    const cached = queryClient.getQueryData(threadKey);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      cached.map((event) => event.id).sort(),
+      ["real-1", "real-2"],
+      `${label}: both accepted events must survive`,
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      cached.every((event) => !event.pending),
+      `${label}: no pending rows may remain`,
+    );
+    const localKeys = new Set(cached.map((event) => event.localKey));
+    assert.equal(
+      localKeys.size,
+      2,
+      `${label}: confirmed rows must keep distinct render keys`,
+    );
+  }
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 7. Error rollback: failed pending goes, in-flight live replies stay
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 test("rollbackPendingThreadReply_removesPendingKeepsInFlightLiveReplies", () => {